Tuesday, April 30, 2013

Syrian premier escapes bomb attack in Damascus

This photo released by the Syrian official news agency SANA, shows Syrian fire fighters extinguishing burning cars after a car bomb exploded in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh, in Damascus, Syria, Monday, April. 29, 2013. State-run Syrian TV says the country's prime minister has escaped an assassination attempt when a bomb went off near his convoy. The TV says Prime Minister Wael al-Halqi was unhurt in the attack in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh. (AP Photo/SANA)

This photo released by the Syrian official news agency SANA, shows Syrian fire fighters extinguishing burning cars after a car bomb exploded in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh, in Damascus, Syria, Monday, April. 29, 2013. State-run Syrian TV says the country's prime minister has escaped an assassination attempt when a bomb went off near his convoy. The TV says Prime Minister Wael al-Halqi was unhurt in the attack in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh. (AP Photo/SANA)

This photo released by the Syrian official news agency SANA, shows Syrian fire fighters extinguishing burning cars after a car bomb exploded in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh, in Damascus, Syria, Monday, April. 29, 2013. State-run Syrian TV says the country's prime minister has escaped an assassination attempt when a bomb went off near his convoy. The TV says Prime Minister Wael al-Halqi was unhurt in the attack in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh. (AP Photo/SANA)

This photo released by the Syrian official news agency SANA, shows Syrian fire fighters extinguishing burning cars after a car bomb exploded in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh, in Damascus, Syria, Monday, April. 29, 2013. State-run Syrian TV says the country's prime minister has escaped an assassination attempt when a bomb went off near his convoy. Syrian TV says Prime Minister Wael al-Halqi was unhurt in the attack in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh. (AP Photo/SANA)

This photo released by the Syrian official news agency SANA, shows a Syrian man reacts after a car bomb exploded in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh, in Damascus, Syria, Monday, April. 29, 2013. State-run Syrian TV says the country's prime minister has escaped an assassination attempt when a bomb went off near his convoy. Syrian TV says Prime Minister Wael al-Halqi was unhurt in the attack. (AP Photo/SANA)

EDS NOTE: GRAPHIC CONTENT -- This photo released by the Syrian official news agency SANA, shows Syrians carrying a charred body after a car bomb exploded in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh, in Damascus, Syria, Monday, April. 29, 2013. State-run Syrian TV says Prime Minister Wael al-Halqir has escaped unhurt in an assassination attempt when a bomb went off near his convoy. (AP Photo/SANA)

(AP) ? Syria's prime minister escaped an assassination attempt Monday when a bomb went off near his convoy in Damascus, state media reported, the latest attack targeting a top official in President Bashar Assad's regime.

Prime Minister Wael al-Halqi was unhurt in the bombing in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh, state TV said. The TV showed footage of heavily damaged cars and debris in the area as firefighters fought to extinguish a large blaze set off by the explosion.

The state SANA news agency said one person was killed and several were wounded in the blast.

The daring attack in the upscale neighborhood, which is home to many embassies and government officials, was another blow to the regime, exposing its vulnerability in the very seat of Assad's powerbase.

Syria's conflict started with largely peaceful anti-government protests in March 2011 but eventually turned into a civil war that has so far killed more than 70,000 people, according to the United Nations.

A Syrian government official told The Associated Press that an improvised explosive device was placed under a car that was parked in the area and was detonated as al-Halqi's car drove by. The official spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak to the media.

The state-run Al-Ikhbariya station said al-Halqi went into a regular weekly meeting with an economic committee straight after the bombing and showed him sitting around a table in a room with several other officials.

The TV said it was showing the video as a proof that al-Halqi was not hurt. But the prime minister's comments after the meeting did not refer to Monday's blast and he was not asked about it by reporters, leaving doubts as to whether the footage was filmed before or after the bombing.

Al-Halqi condemned the blast, SANA said, adding that the attempt exposes how armed groups "are bankrupt" after the latest advances made by Syrian troops around the country.

The Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said Monday's bombing killed al-Halqi's bodyguard and that one of his drivers was in critical condition. The group relies on a network of activist around the country.

The brazen attack in the highly secure Mazzeh neighborhood took place only about 100 meters (yards) from the residence of the Swiss ambassador. The posh area is also home to a major military air base, and security forces sealed it off shortly after the blast, allowing only pedestrians to come close.

At the scene of the bombing, damaged cars were surrounded by debris, their seats soaked with blood. A blackened shell of a school bus was left standing. A man told state TV that none of the students on board were hurt because the explosion went off shortly after they had left the bus and headed into the school.

The attack was not the first targeting a high official in the Syrian capital over the past year.

On July 18, a blast at the Syrian national security building in Damascus during a meeting of Cabinet ministers killed top four officials, including the defense minister and his deputy, who was Assad's brother-in-law. That attack also wounded the interior minister.

In December, a car bomb targeted the Interior Ministry in Damascus, killing several people and wounding more than 20, including Interior Minister Mohammed al-Shaar. Initially, Syrian state media said al-Shaar was not hurt in the Dec. 12 blast. News of his wounds emerged a week later, after he was brought to neighboring Lebanon for medical treatment for a serious back injury.

Earlier in April, Ali Ballan, head of public relations at the Ministry of Social Affairs and a member of Syria's relief agency, was shot dead while dinning in a restaurant in Mazzeh.

There was no immediate claim of responsibility for Monday's attack.

Massive bombings like the one that struck the prime minister's convoy have been a trademark of Islamic radicals fighting alongside the Syrian rebels, raising concerns about the extremists' role in Syria's civil war.

Al-Halqi, a senior member of Assad's ruling Baath party, took office last year after his predecessor, Riad Hijab, defected to Jordan. Al-Halqi was Syria's health minister before taking the post. He is a member of Assad's ruling Baath party and hails from the southern city of Daraa, the birthplace of the Syrian uprising.

Elsewhere in Syria, the Observatory reported fighting Monday near the Damascus International Airport to the south of the capital. The group said there were also clashes in the northern neighborhood of Barzeh and shelling of the Palestinian refugee camp of Yarmouk, south of Damacus.

The Observatory and another activist group, the Local Coordination Committees, reported clashes and air raids around the military helicopter base of Mannagh near the border with Turkey in the northern province of Aleppo. On Sunday, the Aleppo Media Center said that the rebels have seized 60 percent of the Mannagh air base.

Both groups also reported clashes and shelling Monday in the northwestern province of Idlib and the central region of Homs.

___

Associated Press writers Barbara Surk and Bassem Mroue contributed to this report from Beirut.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2013-04-29-Syria/id-ef082db9a6c449c0b65c2cadd10092de

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Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2013/04/jason-collins-comes-out-as-gay-nba-player-makes-sports-history/

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Monday, April 29, 2013

Syrian premier escapes bomb attack in Damascus

This photo released by the Syrian official news agency SANA, shows Syrian fire fighters extinguishing burning cars after a car bomb exploded in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh, in Damascus, Syria, Monday, April. 29, 2013. State-run Syrian TV says the country's prime minister has escaped an assassination attempt when a bomb went off near his convoy. The TV says Prime Minister Wael al-Halqi was unhurt in the attack in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh. (AP Photo/SANA)

This photo released by the Syrian official news agency SANA, shows Syrian fire fighters extinguishing burning cars after a car bomb exploded in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh, in Damascus, Syria, Monday, April. 29, 2013. State-run Syrian TV says the country's prime minister has escaped an assassination attempt when a bomb went off near his convoy. The TV says Prime Minister Wael al-Halqi was unhurt in the attack in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh. (AP Photo/SANA)

This photo released by the Syrian official news agency SANA, shows Syrian fire fighters extinguishing burning cars after a car bomb exploded in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh, in Damascus, Syria, Monday, April. 29, 2013. State-run Syrian TV says the country's prime minister has escaped an assassination attempt when a bomb went off near his convoy. The TV says Prime Minister Wael al-Halqi was unhurt in the attack in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh. (AP Photo/SANA)

This photo released by the Syrian official news agency SANA, shows Syrian fire fighters extinguishing burning cars after a car bomb exploded in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh, in Damascus, Syria, Monday, April. 29, 2013. State-run Syrian TV says the country's prime minister has escaped an assassination attempt when a bomb went off near his convoy. Syrian TV says Prime Minister Wael al-Halqi was unhurt in the attack in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh. (AP Photo/SANA)

This photo released by the Syrian official news agency SANA, shows a Syrian man reacts after a car bomb exploded in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh, in Damascus, Syria, Monday, April. 29, 2013. State-run Syrian TV says the country's prime minister has escaped an assassination attempt when a bomb went off near his convoy. Syrian TV says Prime Minister Wael al-Halqi was unhurt in the attack. (AP Photo/SANA)

EDS NOTE: GRAPHIC CONTENT -- This photo released by the Syrian official news agency SANA, shows Syrians carrying a charred body after a car bomb exploded in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh, in Damascus, Syria, Monday, April. 29, 2013. State-run Syrian TV says Prime Minister Wael al-Halqir has escaped unhurt in an assassination attempt when a bomb went off near his convoy. (AP Photo/SANA)

DAMASCUS, Syria (AP) ? Syria's prime minister escaped an assassination attempt Monday when a bomb exploded near his convoy in Damascus, state media reported, in the latest attack to target a top government official.

Prime Minister Wael al-Halqi was not hurt in the explosion in the capital's western neighborhood of Mazzeh, state TV said. The TV showed video of heavily damaged cars and debris in the area as firefighters fought to extinguish a large blaze set off by the blast.

A government official said two people were killed and 11 wounded, while the Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights activist group said the explosion killed at least five, including two of al-Halqi's bodyguards and one of the drivers in his convoy.

The government official spoke to The Associated Press on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to give official statements to reporters.

As evidence that the prime minister was unhurt, the state-run Al-Ikhbariya station said al-Halqi went into a regular weekly meeting with an economic committee just after the bombing. The station broadcast video of the prime minister sitting around a table in a room with several other officials.

But in the recorded comments after the meeting, al-Halqi made no reference to the bombing, nor was he asked about it by reporters, leaving doubt as to whether the video was shot before or after the bombing.

The state news agency quoted al-Halqi as saying that the assassination attempt exposed how armed groups "are bankrupt" after the latest advances made by Syrian troops around the country.

There was no immediate claim of responsibility for Monday's suicide attack. Such bombings have been a trademark of Islamic extremists fighting in the rebel ranks, raising concerns about their role in Syria's civil war.

Syria's conflict started with largely peaceful anti-government protests in March 2011 but eventually turned into a civil war that has so far killed more than 70,000 people, according to the United Nations.

State TV quoted Syria's Information Minister Omran al-Zoubi as saying that targeting al-Halqi, who is in charge of carrying out the political program to end Syria's crisis, shows that some in the opposition "reject a political solution."

In January, al-Halqi formed a ministerial committee for dialogue with opposition groups. The dialogue is part of a peace plan, including a national reconciliation conference, that Assad outlined in a speech that month.

The opposition insists it will not accept anything less than Assad's departure, and no progress has been reported from the dialogue since it was announced.

A Syrian government official told The Associated Press that an improvised explosive device was placed under a car that was parked in the area and was detonated as al-Halqi's convoy passed. The official spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak to reporters.

The attack in the highly secure Mazzeh neighborhood took place only about 100 meters (yards) from the Swiss ambassador's residence. The posh area also is home to a major military air base. Security forces sealed off the area, allowing only pedestrians to get near the scene of the bombing.

Damaged cars, their seats soaked with blood, were surrounded by debris. A blackened shell of a school bus was left standing. A man told state TV that none of the students on board were hurt because the explosion went off shortly after they had left the bus and entered the school.

Later Monday, the Observatory reported that nine people, including four fighters and three civilians, were killed in government airstrikes on al-Halqi's home village of Jassem in the southern province of Daraa.

The attack was just the latest targeting a senior official in the Syrian capital during the past year.

On July 18, a blast at Syria's national security building in Damascus during a meeting of Cabinet ministers killed top four officials, including the defense minister and his deputy, who was Assad's brother-in-law. That attack also wounded the interior minister.

In December, a car bomb targeted the Interior Ministry in Damascus, killing several people and wounding more than 20, including Interior Minister Mohammed al-Shaar. Initially, Syrian state media said al-Shaar was not hurt in the Dec. 12 blast. News of his wounds emerged a week later, after he was taken to neighboring Lebanon to be treated for a serious back injury.

This month, Ali Ballan, head of public relations at the Ministry of Social Affairs and a member of Syria's relief agency, was shot dead while dining in a restaurant in Mazzeh.

Al-Halqi, a senior member of Assad's ruling Baath party, took office last year after his predecessor, Riad Hijab, defected to Jordan. Al-Halqi was Syria's health minister before taking the post.

Elsewhere in Syria, the Observatory reported fighting Monday near the Damascus International Airport south of the capital. The group said there were also clashes in the northern neighborhood of Barzeh and shelling of the Palestinian refugee camp of Yarmouk, south of Damascus.

The Observatory and another activist group, the Local Coordination Committees, reported clashes and air raids around the military helicopter base of Mannagh near the border with Turkey in the northern province of Aleppo.

Also Monday, a new jihadi group calling itself the "Ahrar al-Bekaa Brigades" announced its establishment and warned the pro-Syrian Lebanese militant Hezbollah group to stop intervening in the Syrian civil war or face attacks in Lebanon.

According to the SITE Intelligence Group, which tracks Islamist extremist messages, the statement was distributed on pro-Syrian revolution Facebook pages Sunday.

In the statement, the previously unheard of group claimed that Hezbollah is acting on Iran's orders to "slaughter" the Syrian people. It pledged to prevent Hezbollah's intervention "with all means and ways, even if we have to move the fight to the inside of the Lebanese territory."

The Shiite Muslim Hezbollah is known to be backing regime fighters in Shiite villages near the Lebanon border against the mostly Sunni rebels fighting to topple President Bashar Assad. The Syrian opposition accuses Hezbollah of taking part in the Syrian military crackdown.

___

Associated Press writers Barbara Surk and Bassem Mroue in Beirut contributed.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2013-04-29-Syria/id-708cbb13e1734d96bc0763d2ca201ece

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Friday, April 26, 2013

Chris Evans Creeps Hard In Exclusive 'Iceman' Clip

If you're familiar with the work of Michael Shannon at all, you know him as an actor who can go very, very dark when he needs to. The same cannot be said for Chris Evans, who's best known for donning the red, white, and blue for Captain America. But if you have seen "The Iceman," [...]

Source: http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2013/04/25/chris-evans-creeps-hard-in-exclusive-iceman-clip/

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Embassy attack spreads Libyan instability to capital

By Marie-Louise Gumuchian and Ghaith Shennib

TRIPOLI (Reuters) - Libya's central government has long had only a tenuous grip on the eastern city of Benghazi, but the bombing of the French embassy in Tripoli shows its control of the capital may now also be under threat.

The early morning car bomb devastated France's embassy, wounding two French guards, in the most significant attack against foreign interests in Libya since September's deadly assault on the U.S. diplomatic mission in Benghazi.

The U.S. ambassador and three other Americans were killed in the Benghazi attack leading to a lingering political row in Washington with Republicans accusing President Barack Obama's administration of withholding information and the White House defending its handling of the issue.

In a blow to the Libyan government's hope of asserting its authority after the 2011 war that ousted Muammar Gaddafi, the French embassy bombing, was the first of its kind in Tripoli. Both France and Libya called the attack a "terrorist act",

"Given the events in Benghazi in the last year, it may not be that surprising that even areas where there is more state control are not immune," a Western diplomatic source in Tripoli said. "People can't just point to the east now."

In the capital, the presence of state security forces is more evident than elsewhere - pick-up trucks bristling with weapons protect ministries or stand guard at roundabouts.

But the city of around 1.7 million people is not immune to violence - gunfire still often rings late into the night as armed brigades fight pitched battles against rival groups.

In the last month, the justice ministry was stormed by angry militiamen, the prime minister's aide was abducted and a car carrying the head of the national assembly was shot at.

Foreigners have been targeted in everyday crime - car jackings and theft - but the city has been seen as relatively safe compared to the rest of the North African country.

"Security in Libya is related to the post-revolution status and the fact that the ministries of interior and defense are being rebuilt," said Nizar Kawan, a national assembly member.

"The balance of power is not yet on the state's side even though it should have overall power in the country."

SECURING THE COUNTRY

There has been no claim of responsibility for the bombing but al Qaeda's north African arm, AQIM, threatened retaliation for the French intervention in Mali as recently as last week.

Westerners in the region have been on alert since January's bloody hostage-taking at the In Amenas gas plant in Algeria.

Officials said it was too early to say who was responsible.

In Benghazi, British, Italian, United Nations and Red Cross missions have already been the targets of violence. U.S. officials say militants with ties to al Qaeda affiliates were most likely involved in the September 11 Benghazi attack.

"We cannot definitely say this attack was linked to what happened in Benghazi," Interior Minister Ashour Shuail told reporters. "The problem is not just the security of embassies but the security of the whole nation."

Previous incidents in Tripoli have been minor compared to Tuesday's. In June, a small bomb exploded outside the consulate of neighboring Tunisia; in January, a bomb was thrown at an empty building which U.N. officials had considered using.

"(The attack) signals that what in the past was perceived of as some isolated groups operating in the east, in reality are probably a broader network that has links across the country," Claudia Gazzini of International Crisis Group said.

"Maybe in the east it's easier to operate and carry out such attacks; in Tripoli there is a higher number of government security forces but that doesn't necessarily imply that there is control over the capital."

Prime Minister Ali Zeidan's government has sought to clamp down on armed groups, with an Operation Tripoli campaign aimed at dislodging militias from public buildings. But it has faced resistance and still only commands few disciplined police or military officers, often outmatched by thousands of militiamen.

"There is no security at night, we see no police patrols. We want respect from the state," said Abdelhakim Mohammed of the Supreme Security Committee - a grouping of ex-rebel fighters, now better armed and powerful than the police.

"Ministers keeping call us militias to discredit us."

Analysts say various groups could see gain from attacking French interests in Libya, but they also point to the power struggle between the Libyan authorities and militias.

"The French embassy bombing may have been part of a militia turf war," said Geoff Porter, director of North Africa Risk Consulting. "A signal to Zeidan that he should steer clear of the more powerful and well-established Tripoli militias and perhaps Operation Tripoli would be best left to peter out."

Diplomatic missions are now likely to step up security in light of the attack, which may also deter wary investors.

"The exposure of the capital's vulnerability to terrorist attack will come as a severe blow to the Libyan government's faltering efforts to restore investor confidence in the country," IHS Country Analyst Richard Cochrane said.

(Editing by Jon Hemming)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/embassy-attack-spreads-libyan-instability-capital-162243263.html

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Facebook to acquire Parse, promises easier cloud-based app development

Facebook to acquire Parse, promises easier cloudbased app development

Hot on the heels of its Mobile Developer Conference, Facebook today announced its intentions to buy cloud-based app development service Parse, a company with which the site has collaborated in the past. According to a post on Facebook's Developers blog, the purchase will go a ways toward helping devs, "rapidly build apps that span mobile platforms and devices." The acquisition will bring a number of cloud-based tools like data storage, user management and notifications to Facebook developers. For each company's take on the news, check out the source links below. We also spoke to a Facebook spokesperson, who told us, "This is an acquisition, not a talent deal." As for financial terms, they wouldn't say.

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Source: Facebook, Parse

Source: http://www.engadget.com/2013/04/25/facebook-parse/?utm_medium=feed&utm_source=Feed_Classic&utm_campaign=Engadget

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Thursday, April 25, 2013

Politics on hold at the dedication of Bush library

President Barack Obama, and former presidents, from second from left, George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George H.W. Bush and Jimmy Carter arrive for the dedication of the George W. Bush Presidential Center ,Thursday, April 25, 2013, in Dallas. (AP Photo/The Dallas Morning News, Tom Fox) MANDATORY CREDIT; MAGS OUT; TV OUT; INTERNET USE BY AP MEMBERS ONLY; NO SALES

President Barack Obama, and former presidents, from second from left, George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George H.W. Bush and Jimmy Carter arrive for the dedication of the George W. Bush Presidential Center ,Thursday, April 25, 2013, in Dallas. (AP Photo/The Dallas Morning News, Tom Fox) MANDATORY CREDIT; MAGS OUT; TV OUT; INTERNET USE BY AP MEMBERS ONLY; NO SALES

Former president George W. Bush, wipes a tear after his speech during the dedication of the George W. Bush Presidential Center Thursday, April 25, 2013, in Dallas. Left is President George H.W. Bush. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)

From left, President Barack Obama, former president George W. Bush, former president William J. Clinton former President George H.W. Bush and former president Jimmy Carter arrive for the dedication of the George W. Bush Presidential Center Thursday, April 25, 2013, in Dallas. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)

Former president George H.W. Bush, left, applauds with Laura Bush after former president George W. Bush's speech during the dedication of the George W. Bush Presidential Center Thursday, April 25, 2013, in Dallas. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)

Former President George W. Bush, center, shares a laugh with his wife, former first lady Laura Bush and father, former President George H.W. Bush during the dedication of the George W. Bush Presidential Center, Thursday, April 25, 2013, in Dallas. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)

(AP) ? George W. Bush shed a sentimental tear. Barack Obama mused about the burdens of the office. Bill Clinton dished out wisecracks. Jimmy Carter and George H.W. Bush chimed in, too, on a rare day of harmony at the dedication of the younger Bush's presidential library that glossed over the hard edges and partisan divides of five presidencies spanning more than three tumultuous decades.

"To know the man is to like the man," Obama declared of his Republican predecessor, speaking Thursday before a crowd of 10,000 at an event that had the feel of a class reunion for the partisans who had powered the Bush administration from 2001 to 2009. Dick Cheney was there in a white cowboy hat. Condoleezza Rice gave shout-outs to visiting dignitaries. Colin Powell and Karl Rove were prominent faces in the crowd.

On this day, there was no mention of Iraq or Afghanistan, the wars that dominated Bush's presidency and so divided the nation. There were only gentle references to the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. And praise aplenty for the resolve that Bush showed in responding to the 9/11 terror attacks.

Clinton joked that the dedication of the George W. Bush Presidential Center was "the latest, grandest example of the eternal struggle of former presidents to rewrite history." But he also praised Bush for including interactive exhibits at the center that invite visitors to make their own choices on major decisions that he faced.

Bush, 66, made indirect reference to the polarizing decision points of his presidency, drawing a knowing laugh as he told the crowd: "One of the benefits of freedom is that people can disagree. It's fair to say I created plenty of opportunities to exercise that right."

He said he was guided throughout his presidency by a determination "to expand the reach of freedom."

"It wasn't always easy, and it certainly wasn't always popular."

It was a day for family and sentimentality, Bush choking up with emotion at the conclusion of his remarks.

The 43rd president singled out his 88-year-old father, another ex-president, to tell him: "41, it is awesome that you are here today."

The elder Bush, wearing jaunty pink socks, spoke for less than a minute from his wheelchair, then turned to his son and quipped, "Too long?" He has a form of Parkinson's disease and has been hospitalized recently for bronchitis.

Just as the public tends to view presidents more kindly once they've left office, ex-presidents, too, tend to soften their judgments ? or at least their public comments ? with time.

Obama once excoriated Bush for his "failed policies" and "disastrous" handling of the economy, for expanding budget deficits, and for drawing the nation into war in Iraq.

On Thursday, he took a detour around those matters and instead praised Bush for his strength after 9/11, compassion in fighting HIV/AIDS in Africa, bipartisanship in pursuing education reforms and restarting "an important conversation by speaking with the American people about our history as a nation of laws and a nation of immigrants."

If the country is eventually able to enact immigration changes this year, Obama added, "it will be, in large part, thanks to the hard work of President George W. Bush."

Obama said the living presidents make up an exclusive club ? but it's more like a support group for the men who have held the position.

"No matter how much you may think you are ready to assume the office of the presidency, it's impossible to truly understand the nature of the job until it's yours," Obama said. "And that's why every president gains a greater appreciation for all of those who served before them."

The other presidents struck a similar tone.

Clinton praised Bush for his efforts to combat AIDS in Africa, his work on global health and even for the paintings he's doing in retirement. And he said he'd gotten so close to the Bush family that there were jokes that "I had become the black sheep son."

Carter praised Bush for his role in helping secure peace between North and South Sudan in 2005 and the "great contributions you've made to the most needy people on earth."

Bush has kept a decidedly low profile since leaving office four years ago with an approval rating of just 33 percent. That figure has been gradually climbing and now is at 47 percent ? about equal to Obama's own approval rating, according to a Washington Post-ABC News poll released ahead of the library opening.

If politics was absent from the podium on Thursday, it was still a prominent subtext.

Those in attendance included a number of potential candidates for president in 2016 ? another Clinton (Hillary) and Bush (Jeb) among them.

George W. Bush in recent days played up the idea of his younger brother, the former governor of Florida, seeking the White House, telling C-SPAN, "My first advice is: Run."

Their mother, former first lady Barbara Bush, did the opposite.

"We've had enough Bushes," she said Thursday on NBC's "Today" show.

The presidential center at Southern Methodist University includes a library, museum and policy institute. It contains more than 70 million pages of paper records, 200 million emails, 4 million digital photos and 43,000 artifacts. Bush's library will feature the largest digital holdings of any of the 13 presidential libraries under the auspices of the National Archives and Records Administration.

A full-scale replica of the Oval Office as it looked during Bush's tenure sits on the campus, as does a piece of steel from the World Trade Center and the bullhorn that Bush used to punctuate the chaos at ground zero three days after 9/11. In the museum, visitors can gaze at a container of chads ? the remnants of the famous Florida punch card ballots that played a pivotal role in the contested 2000 election that sent Bush to Washington.

Laura Bush led the library's design committee, officials said, with a keen eye toward ensuring that the family's Texas roots were conspicuously reflected. Architects used local materials, including Texas Cordova cream limestone and trees from the central part of the state, in its construction.

___

Follow Josh Lederman on Twitter: http://twitter.com/joshledermanAP .

___

Associated Press writer Nancy Benac contributed from Washington.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2013-04-25-Bush%20Library/id-79e93f347f4a473781d6eee4af000555

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NYC Smoking Age to Be Raised to 21?

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2013/04/nyc-smoking-age-to-be-raised-to-21/

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Wednesday, April 24, 2013

Avenue Capital's Lasry will not be envoy to France: source

By Katya Wachtel

NEW YORK (Reuters) - Billionaire trader Marc Lasry told investors in his $12 billion Avenue Capital that he will remain at the hedge fund and not become the next U.S. ambassador to France, according to a person familiar with the situation.

Lasry, who had been expected to get the nomination, told clients in a note on Tuesday he would remain at the New York-based firm, according to the source, who did not want to be identified.

Lasry, who would have been the first hedge fund manager tapped to be a U.S. ambassador, declined to comment.

A longtime Democratic donor with close ties to former President Bill Clinton, Lasry was considered the front-runner to be nominated by President Barack Obama as the next ambassador to France. Chelsea Clinton, the former president's daughter, once worked as an analyst for Avenue, which specializes in distressed debt investments.

Lasry is one of the few hedge fund managers who was a strong supporter and fundraiser for Obama during his re-election campaign in 2012, hosting a $40,000 per plate fundraiser for him at his townhouse in Manhattan.

The source familiar with the hedge fund said Lasry withdrew from consideration when it was determined Avenue would need investor approval to modify some management documents, as Lasry is deemed integral to overseeing several of the firm's funds.

But two people close to the hedge fund said there had always been concern about how Lasry would separate himself from the fund without being forced to sell his financial stake. If nominated, Lasry had intended to return to the fund at some point in the future.

At an event in March, former President Clinton said Lasry had been notified by the White House he would be nominated for the post. Neither the White House nor Lasry returned requests for comment on the nomination at the time, but a person familiar with the situation confirmed Clinton's remarks.

As speculation mounted earlier in the year that Lasry might move to Paris, the firm announced it had appointed a chief investment officer for the first time.

Investors said in March that, even if Lasry was to move to France, they would remain with Avenue, which Lasry founded with his sister Sonia Gardner in 1995. Over the years Lasry has increasingly handed over day-to-day management of the firm to Gardner and Lasry's role had become more like a "chairman," they said.

(Reporting by Katya Wachtel; Edited by Matthew Goldstein, Dan Grebler and Andre Grenon)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/avenue-capitals-lasry-not-ambassador-france-source-200650985--sector.html

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Boston Bombing Suspect Exhibited Extremism at Local Mosque (Voice Of America)

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Monday, April 22, 2013

Taliban capture 11 from helicopter in Afghanistan

KABUL, Afghanistan (AP) ? A Turkish transport helicopter carrying at least 11 civilians was forced to make an emergency landing in a Taliban-controlled area in eastern Afghanistan, and the insurgents took all the people on board prisoner, including eight Turks and a Russian, officials said Monday.

The civilian aircraft landed in strong winds and heavy rain on Sunday in the village of Dahra Mangal in the Azra district of Logar province, southeast of Kabul, District Governor Hamidullah Hamid told The Associated Press.

He said the helicopter came down in a gorge in the densely forested region, known for narrow gorges and rugged mountains, about 20 kilometers (12 miles) from the Pakistani border.

The Taliban fighters then captured everyone aboard the helicopter and took them away, Hamid said.

In a telephone interview, Arsala Jamal, the Logar provincial governor, identified the prisoners as eight Turks, one Afghan translator and two foreign pilots of unknown nationality.

In Ankara, a spokesman at Turkey's Foreign Ministry confirmed that eight Turks were aboard the helicopter but had no information on their condition or what had happened to them after the emergency landing. The official spoke on condition of anonymity in keeping with ministry regulations.

Stepan Anikeyev, the Russian Embassy's press attache in Kabul, said in a phone interview that a Russian man was being held prisoner. He said the Russians know he was one of the two pilots, but they don't have details about his identity yet, and they are in "constant touch" with local officials in Afghanistan.

There was no information about the other pilot.

"A helicopter that belongs to no military organization made emergency landing in an area of Logar province," Interior Ministry spokesman Sediq Sediqi said. "We have sent our police forces to the area to investigate the situation, to find out the reason of the landing and to know who was in the helicopter, how many of them were there and their whereabouts at the moment."

Security forces were dispatched to the area where the helicopter landed and engaged in firefights with the Taliban but quickly retreated because they had no support, said Logar Deputy Police Chief Rais Khan Abdul Rahimzai.

"We brought the police back because there was no help from the (NATO) coalition or the Afghan army. The police were unable to secure the area, which is very rural, and we were worried," Rahimzai said.

He said that information they had from the region was that the prisoners were taken by the Taliban to Hisarak district of neighboring Nangarhar province.

Hamid said that repeated calls for the Afghan army or NATO help went unanswered, and police were unable to secure the area, 15 kilometers (nine miles) from the district police compound in the town of Azra.

NATO confirmed that the Turkish helicopter went down on Sunday, but the International Security Assistance Force did not have any other details. It did say there were "no ISAF" or "U.S. personnel onboard the Turkish helicopter," denying an earlier Taliban claim that they had detained Americans on the aircraft.

ISAF spokeswoman Erin Stattel said the coalition was assisting in the recovery of the aircraft, but would not say how. She could not say whether the helicopter made a precautionary landing or the Taliban had forced it down.

Turkey's state-run Anadolu Agency, quoting an unidentified official from the Khorasan Logistics company in Kabul, said an MI-8 type helicopter belonging to the company made an emergency landing near the town of Azra due to bad weather conditions. There were 11 people on board, including eight Turks, one Afghan and one Russian, Anadolu quoted the official as saying.

The helicopter reportedly belonged to a company called Khorasan Cargo Airlines. No one was answering telephones at Khorasan's offices in Kabul or in Dubai.

Rahimzai said he didn't know what kind of cargo the helicopter was carrying, where it was headed, or whether it was working for NATO.

Although the capture or kidnapping of foreigners is not uncommon in Afghanistan, large scale captures of foreigners are rare.

The last such instance occurred in July 2007 when the Taliban abducted 23 South Korean church volunteers as they traveled by bus along a dangerous road in southern Afghanistan. The militants killed two men soon after taking them and later gradually released all the remaining captives over a month.

Last month, the Taliban released a Turkish engineer that they kidnapped two years ago. Taliban spokesman Zabiullah Mujahid said at the time that the engineer was released as a goodwill gesture.

___

AP writers Amir Shah and Patrick Quinn in Kabul, Suzan Fraser in Ankara, Turkey, and Nataliya Vasilyeva in Moscow contributed to this report.

___

Follow Thomas Wagner on Twitter at: www.twitter.com/tjpwagner.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/taliban-capture-11-helicopter-afghanistan-124735354.html

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10 Things to Know for Today

Sister Emmanuel, of the Sister Disciples of the Divine Master, prays before Mass at the Cathedral of the Holy Cross in Boston, on Sunday April 21, 2013. Prayers were said for the victims of the Boston Marathon bombings and the subsequent manhunt and first responders. (AP Photo/The Boston Globe, Pat Greenhouse)

Sister Emmanuel, of the Sister Disciples of the Divine Master, prays before Mass at the Cathedral of the Holy Cross in Boston, on Sunday April 21, 2013. Prayers were said for the victims of the Boston Marathon bombings and the subsequent manhunt and first responders. (AP Photo/The Boston Globe, Pat Greenhouse)

This citizen journalism image provided by Aleppo Media Center AMC which has been authenticated based on its contents and other AP reporting, shows members of the free Syrian Army hiding behind scrap metal during an attack against Syrian government forces, in the neighborhood of al-Amerieh in Aleppo, Syria, Sunday, April. 21, 2013. The Syrian opposition called on Hezbollah to withdraw its fighters from the country immediately, as activists said regime troops supported by pro-government gunmen linked to the Lebanese Shiite militant group battled rebels Sunday for control of a string of villages near the Lebanon-Syria border. (AP Photo/Aleppo Media Center AMC)

Your daily look at late-breaking news, upcoming events and the stories that will be talked about today:

1. POLICE: BOSTON SUSPECTS PLANNED MORE ATTACKS

Commissioner Ed Davis says Tamerlan and Dzokhar Tsarnaev had an arsenal of homemade explosives with them at the gunfight in suburban Watertown.

2. A WEEK LATER, A MOMENT OF SILENCE

Gov. Deval Patrick asks residents to pause today at 2:50 p.m., the time the first of two bombs exploded.

3. SEARCH CONTINUES FOR CHINA QUAKE VICTIMS

Relief teams dynamited through landslides to get food and water to isolated communities in Sichuan province, where 188 were killed and more than 11,000 injured.

4. TALIBAN CAPTURES 9 HOSTAGES FROM HELICOPTER

Insurgents took all people aboard the civilian transport after it made an emergency landing in a Taliban-controlled area of Afghanistan.

5. BRACING FOR FLIGHT DELAYS AFTER FURLOUGHS

Los Angeles and New York City airports were backed up after 15,000 air traffic controllers were taken off the job because of government spending cuts.

6. SUSPECT IN RICIN CASE BACK IN COURT TODAY

The hearing for Paul Kevin Curtis could reveal what evidence authorities have from his home in the poisonous letter-mailing case.

7. LARGE DEATH TOLL FEARED NEAR DAMASCUS

Activists say six days of clashes in two Syrian towns may have killed hundreds of people, a dramatic spike in the rising death toll in the civil war.

8. 5 DEAD IN WASHINGTON SHOOTINGS

One suspect was shot by police, two were found dead in a parking lot and two others in an apartment complex south of Seattle.

9. WHY DOCTORS WARN AGAINST THE 'CINNAMON CHALLENGE'

Swallowing a spoonful of the spice in 60 seconds ? a prank depicted on YouTube ? has caused hospitalizations and a surge in calls to poison centers.

10. REESE WITHERSPOON ARRESTED IN ATLANTA

The Oscar-winning actress, charged with disorderly conduct, asked a state trooper, "Do you know my name?" after her husband was pulled over and given a sobriety test.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2013-04-22-10%20Things%20to%20Know-Today/id-4d9333c1b1e44d2cbc17f2d665608c5d

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Sunday, April 21, 2013

Press Release: Philanthropic Financial Advisor Keith Thomson ...

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Home / / Philanthropic Financial Advis... 2013-04-21 12:12:00 (GMT) (Caymanmama.com - News Providers News)

/EINPresswire.com/ Keith Thomson, a financial advisor and charitable giving advisor based in Toronto, recently commissioned an exclusive work of art from artist Hugh MacLeod.

Keith Thomson, a philanthropic financial advisor based in Toronto, recently commissioned a unique ?Gapingvoid? piece from cartoonist and artist Hugh MacLeod.

The piece, a 40?40 illustration printed on metal, depicts the words, ?That?s why we?re here - to make a dent in the universe.? The work perfectly illustrates Keith?s passion for philanthropy and his core belief: that each person?s purpose in life is not simply to find happiness but to make a difference in the lives of others and the world at large.

?I absolutely believe we are here to find meaning in our lives and help others to do the same?everything else is secondary. I find that Hugh?s art has helped me do just that, and as such, especially resonates in the philanthropic world,? said Keith.

Keith?s strong desire to make a difference through philanthropy developed from the realization that he and his fellow Canadians owe much to previous generations. Without the enormous contributions of wealth, wisdom and hard work of past generations, today?s Canadian citizens would not be enjoying a high quality of life and success. Following this realization, Keith decided that he would dedicate himself to positively impacting others, in part through motivating them to experience the transformative psychological, health, and even financial benefits of philanthropy.

Keith commissioned the work of art, which is now prominently displayed in his office, to serve as an expression of his passion for philanthropy and as an inspiration to not only himself but also each person who walks through the door.

For more information about Keith Thomson and his philanthropic financial advising services, visit his website or call (416) 681-7152.

About Keith Thomson: Keith Thomson is an internationally recognized financial educator, author and consultant, specializing in estate and charitable tax planning. Thomson recently authored the book What Was Your Great Grandmother?s Name? ? 50 Thoughts On How Canadian Philanthropy Can Transform You, Your Family And Your Community, and his numerous articles have appeared in publications such as The Globe and Mail and CAmagazine. Hundreds of lawyers, accountants, financial advisors and philanthropic professionals have all benefited from his instruction. By utilizing the strategies revealed in Thomson?s presentations, entrepreneurs, professionals and retirees have been able to save and redirect to philanthropic organizations over $10 million of their ?social capital,? also known as taxes. He currently serves on the Board of Directors of The Power Plant Contemporary Art Gallery and, for over five years, was chair of The African Medical and Research Foundation. Keith has also acted in various leadership roles in the community, including as a past board member of The Toronto Community Foundation.

Media Contact:
Keith Thomson
Stonegate Private Counsel
(416) 681-7152

Press release courtesy of Online PR Media: http://bit.ly/15ppr2H

CaymanMama.com - Press Release Distribution Service

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Source: http://www.caymanmama.com/2013/04/21/Philanthropic-Financial-Advisor-Keith-Thomson-Commissions-Exclusive-Artwork_2013042114696.html

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Official: FBI interviewed older suspect in 2011 (The Arizona Republic)

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Tom and Ashley Arnold: Our Rough Road to Parenthood

Happily settled in at home with their son, Arnold and his wife spoke to PEOPLE exclusively about their emotional experience.

Source: http://feeds.celebritybabies.com/~r/celebrity-babies/~3/_Xob_AeheVw/

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Saturday, April 20, 2013

Youth invited to football clinicOutdoors & Recreation - Tampa Bay ...

LARGO ? Largo?s Athletics Department invites youth ages 7 to 16 to a free annual Youth Football Clinic on Saturday, April 27, 10 a.m. to 1 p.m., at the Largo Sports Complex, 1640 McMullen Road.

Participants will learn on-field skills and drills along with city recreation staff and local youth football coaches. Free T-shirts will be given to the first 100 registered participants. A free lunch will be provided.

Registration begins at 9 a.m. A parent or guardian must sign a waiver.

For more information, call 365-0044 or visit LargoSports.com.

Source: http://www.tbnweekly.com/editorial/outdoors/content_articles/041813_out-08.txt

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Around the Web?

It’s Thursday! Take some time to catch up on these recommended reads: Jenna Bush Hager shares sweet photos of her “darling” daughter Mila — The Novo Project Age-appropriate ways to talk to your children about the news — iVillage Kindergartener gets detention after arriving to school late for the third time — ABC News Do [...]

Source: http://feeds.celebritybabies.com/~r/celebrity-babies/~3/hdnpakdSxnw/

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Friday, April 19, 2013

Copyright Protection Of Internet Music Information Technology Essay

Now days Digital Music Industry is going through a difficult time ? prevalence of Internet Piracy. In resent past, the scale of piracy was not so significant. Of course, people were sharing new popular CDs with each other and fraudsters were making unauthorized duplications of original CDs for underground, but the losses of record companies are was not counted on billions.

music industry.

On the other hand, the government uses copyright law to reduce Internet piracy. Many illegal music Web sites and Peer-to-Peer networks were closed after the court?s decisions, but immediately analogues appeared.

It is obvious that the piracy problem will not be resolved completely, but still, it can be reduced through combination of law and modern technologies, such as Digital Rights Management (DRM) and Watermarking. Embedded in the audio record watermark helps to identify who owns the rights of the content and DRM systems control the music distribution. All those methods are imperfect and we will look into these during the research, and decide what decisions can be made to combat the problems that they have as well as offer a solution to the copyright problem and explore possible preconditions for the future development.

Aims and Objective

Objective is to protect music copyright using improved watermarking algorithm.

Aims of the dissertation are

to review current technical solutions for copyright protection of Internet music;

to propose a solution, which can improve the effectiveness of the protection of digital content from unauthorised access and distribution;

to explore the prospects of digital music development and the future of copyright protection methods.

Theory and methodologies

Digital music

Digital music has appeared recently in our world and become an essential part of human life. People listen to music online; download it to portable music players, and store thousands of tracks on the hard drivers at home.

Brief history of Digital music distribution

It all began with the invention of the digital MP3 format in December 1991, which developed by the German company Fraunhofer-Gesellshaft. An MP3 files, also known as MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3, is a form of digital audio encoding and lossy compression format. It designed to reduce audio file size, while keeping as true as possible to the sound quality of the original recording.

In December 1997, MP3.com was found, enabling users to access their music online. Then in 1998 eMusic becoming the first website, which offers the MP3 files to download as well as subscription service and in April of the same year Saehan, a Korean electronic manufacturer, produces MPMan, the first MP3 player in the world.

One of the important developments in the spread of digital audio was the creation in June 1999, the first P2P (peer-to-peer) network called Napster, which was designed by Shawn Fanning, the student of University of Boston.

The network has become wildly popular all over the world but in July 2001, the US Circuit Court of Appeal made a decision to eliminate the Napster in connection with copyright infringement.

In October 2001, the first iPod was sold and in April 2003, Apple launches the iTunes Music Store that has since grown to account for 70 per cent of digital music sales. Four years later in 2007 Apple produces the iPhone, providing the long-awaited joint experience of communication and music [1].

Last year the founders of Pirate Bay, a peer-to-peer file sharing site, are sent to jail for a year by a Swedish court.

The Future of the Music Industry

Digital music technologies are developing at lightning speed. Even 20 years ago, people were unaware of the imminent appearance of the many delights of this world of digital technology. It is difficult to say anything about the future now. However, some possibilities are interesting to examine. For instance, the Internet makes it possible for artists to sell songs right to the consumer. This politic can make record companies obsolete. However, it is obvious that the big record companies will have to make major adjustments.

However, in the coming months and years, we will see an increase of existing and new independent labels offering a much bigger selection of music, via Internet retailers and satellite radio, to an expanding group of music listeners who want more options.

In spite of the RIAA furore, illegal downloading of music will continue.?Statistics suggest that the current barrage of lawsuits levied at P2P file sharers may be curtailing downloading, but it is certainly not eliminating it.

In addition, some new products will change the way to listen to music forever. Faculty at UC Berkley are constantly developing new technologies in the music industry. Whether it is inventing a new musical instrument or inventing new musical recording methods, they are constantly researching new methods to innovate the music industry [1].

Music and Copyright

Generally, the term "Internet piracy" refers to copyright infringement in the dissemination and use of literary, media and software products on the Internet. Copyright is a form of intellectual property protection, which means an exclusive right of a person or entity on the results of his intellectual activities.

2.1 Copyright Act

The origins of most music piracy lawsuits begin with the Copyright Act. The Copyright Act gives copyright owners a number of rights. Infringement of copyright takes place when a person can show ownership of content and can demonstrate that infringer broke at least one exclusive right of copyright holder. An owner of a copyright has the exclusive right to reproduction and distribution of the material.

A common defence to copyright infringement is fair use. To determine if fair use of a copyrighted work is allowed, one must take into consideration: (1) the purpose and character of the use; (2) the nature of the copyrighted work; (3) the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and (4) the effect of the use upon the potential market for the value of the copyrighted work. Fair use has not been a very successful defence in many musical works copyright infringement cases [2].

Types of Music Piracy

Music piracy is a trend that has been around for a long time but never has it reached the force that it has now. Music pirates can be noticed in various ways: (1) those who illegally upload or download music online, (2) online companies who build businesses based on stealing music and encourage users to break the law, and (3) criminals manufacturing mass numbers of imitation CDs for sale on street corners or at retail stores. The main music theft groups are considered to be very frequent peer-to-peer users.

There are four specific types of music piracy. The first type is pirate recordings, which are the unauthorized duplications of just the sound of legal recordings. This does not include the duplication of the original artwork, label, title, sequencing, or the combinations of titles. The second type is underground recordings, which are the unauthorized recordings of a musical broadcast on radio, television or on the live concert. Counterfeit recordings are unauthorised recordings of the pre-recorded music as well as the unauthorized duplication of original artwork, label, trademark, and packaging. Online piracy refers to the unauthorized download of sound recordings from Internet sites or other nets [3].

Current technical solutions

As discussed above, copyright protection against Internet piracy is a global problem of modern music industry. The main way to protect audio content is the law and modern technology. Despite the wide range of developments, the main for the protection of music are Digital Rights Management (DRM), Watermarking.

3.1 Digital Rights Management (DRM)

Recently, there is a dramatic increase in number of online music stores. In turn, these online music stores are attracting users, who switched to digital libraries, to download audio files into the personal devices. In this regard, the music industry has introduced Digital Rights Management (DRM) to control access to those digital contents.

Copyright provides more of a base for protecting content against illegal reproduction and distribution, whereas DRM systems are used to limit the distribution. For example, the number of times that the music files can be burn onto a CD or can be put onto a personal MP3 player [4]. Figure 1 shows the main components of a DRM system.

Fig.1. General Architecture of a DRM system.

There are two main types of online music stores; the first type is the similar stores with Apple?s iTunes, where users can download single tracks as well as being able to buy whole albums from an artist. The other is a subscription service, such as having a premium account with Spotify. The latter is one in which consumers pay a flat monthly fee subscription for the privilege to stream music directly from the internet.

Concerning sites such as iTunes, DRM sets the number as well as type of devices that a music track can be played on. The system that Apple currently uses controls the value of the music files that are downloaded from its site, all the way from the download on the iTunes website to the player that it is stored and played on. Therefore, if a user decides to switch from using Apple?s software and MP3 player their entire music catalogue that they have purchased from Apple will be unusable. Apple does provide music files at a competitive price but has a very strict DRM system [4].

Existing online music stores operate using a file format that locks the consumer into a single file format, a specific music player, and specific playback device, such as an iPod. This means that many of the music files can only be reproduced on a personal computer and not redistributed, or can only be distributed a limited number of times. Therefore, many existing DRM systems have problems.

3.2 Audio Watermarking

Watermarking technique is used to protect multimedia contents ownership, which embeds the ownership information into multimedia content by modifying the content slightly [5].

In the most general form, audio watermarking hides a user specified bitstream in digital audio such that the addition of the bitstream (the watermark) is perceptually insignificant. Fig.2. shows the block diagrams for both embedding a watermark into an audio stream and recovering an existing watermark. As this figure shows, to watermark digital audio, the original audio and the bit stream are inputs to the encoder along as well as a secret key. Only the watermarker knows this secret key; it is used to hide the bitstream so that no other party can locate the watermark in the digital audio. To recover the watermark, this secret key is used along with the watermarked audio. In some cases, recovery requires the original unwatermarked audio [6].

In other words, audio watermarking is a method to enforce the intellectual property rights and to protect the audio from tampering. There are two types of audio watermarking: Blind and Non-blind. If the detection of the digital watermark can be done without original data such techniques are called blind. On the other hand Non-blind techniques use the original source to extract the watermark by simple comparison and correlation procedures.

Fig.2. Watermarking block diagram.

In the past few years a large number of algorithms for secure and robust embedding and extraction of watermarks in audio files have been developed. A broad range of embedding algorithms goes from simple Least Significant Bit (LSB) methods to various Spread Spectrum schemes. Spread Spectrum schemes have gained a lot of popularity because of their innate robustness to intelligent attacks e.g. dual watermarking. However, Spread Spectrum schemes fail to give a good performance against simple signal processing attacks such as mp3 compression and re-sampling.

Audio watermarking algorithm must satisfy at least two constraints: inaudibility and robustness. Embedded audio watermarks should be almost inaudible. In addition, the algorithm should be robust enough to withstand attempts such as removal or alteration of inserted watermarks. These two constraints may seem to be contradictory. However, they must be satisfied.

Project Planning

In order to be able to do all the work in time project planning needs to be done. To achieve project goals the following timetable was designed

(Table 1).

Table 1 Project Timetable.

Name

Feb/March

Arpil/ May

June/Jule

August/Sept

Project title selection

Preliminary

Study

Objective agreement

Working on theory and methodology

Developing new algorithm

Exploring the way forward

Reporting

Summary

Theoretical research that has been done became a base for the methodology that will be developed. In-depth study of the watermarking mechanisms as well as DRM systems will help to identify all problems of current methods. In turn, this will draw conclusions about the required properties of a new music protection system as well as a future of music industry.

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